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Sales Commission Glossary

70+ definitions across 8 categories. Searchable and filterable.

Foundations

OTE (On-Target Earnings)

The total compensation a salesperson is expected to earn at 100% of quota, combining base salary and target variable pay.

Example. An AE with $80,000 base salary and a $80,000 variable target has an OTE of $160,000. If the rep hits 100% of quota, they earn the full $160,000.
Foundations

Base Salary

The fixed, guaranteed portion of compensation paid regardless of sales performance.

Example. A 60/40 pay mix on $150K OTE gives the rep $90K base salary - paid via standard payroll whether or not they sell anything.
Foundations

Variable Pay (Incentive Comp)

The performance-based portion of compensation tied to selling activities, quota attainment, or specific KPIs.

Example. On $200K OTE with a 50/50 mix, $100K is variable. A rep at 90% attainment typically earns 90% of that variable, or $90,000.
Foundations

Pay Mix

The ratio of base salary to target variable pay, written base/variable. Drives risk-tolerance for the role.

Example. A 50/50 mix on $200K OTE = $100K base + $100K variable target. A 70/30 mix is more conservative - typical of CSMs and BDRs.
Foundations

Commission

A payment to a salesperson computed as a function of revenue, gross profit, units, or another performance metric.

Example. A 10% commission on $40,000 of new ARR generates $4,000 in commission.
Foundations

Bonus (MBO)

A fixed payment earned for hitting a discrete goal - quarterly quota, retention milestone, or a strategic objective (MBO).

Example. A $5,000 bonus paid for closing the first deal in a new product line, regardless of deal size.
Foundations

Commission Rate

The percentage of a transaction (or per-unit amount) paid to the rep when a sale is credited.

Example. A 12% rate on a $25,000 deal pays $3,000. Tiered plans use multiple rates that change with attainment.
Foundations

Incentive Compensation (ICM)

The discipline and software category that designs, calculates, and pays variable rewards to drive sales behavior.

Example. An ICM platform like Sales Cookie ingests CRM data, applies plan rules, and produces a payable-by-payroll commission file.
Foundations

Sales Performance Management (SPM)

An umbrella for territory, quota, crediting, ICM, and analytics - the full lifecycle that turns selling motion into paid outcomes.

Example. An SPM stack might include territory planning, quota allocation, an ICM engine, and a rep-facing portal.
Foundations

Leverage

The ratio of variable pay to base salary - a 50/50 mix is 1.0x leverage; a 70/30 mix is ~0.43x.

Example. High-leverage roles (50/50 or 60/40 in favor of variable) are typical for closers; low-leverage (80/20) is typical for CSMs.
Foundations

Upside

The earnings a rep can make above OTE when they exceed quota - usually unlocked by accelerators.

Example. A rep at 150% attainment with a 2x accelerator above 100% earns OTE-level variable for the first 100% plus 2x rate on the next 50%.
Plan Mechanics

Tiered Commission

A plan with multiple commission rates that change as the rep crosses attainment thresholds.

Example. 0-80% = 6%, 80-100% = 8%, 100-125% = 12%, 125%+ = 16%. The higher rate may apply only to revenue inside the tier (non-cumulative) or be retroactive (cumulative).
Plan Mechanics

Cumulative (Retroactive) Tiers

When a rep crosses a tier threshold, the higher rate is applied retroactively to all prior dollars in the period.

Example. If hitting 100% triggers a 10% rate retro to dollar 1, a $1M attainment pays $100K - even though earlier dollars were originally booked at 6%.
Plan Mechanics

Non-Cumulative (Marginal) Tiers

Each tier rate applies only to the revenue inside that tier band - the standard approach in most ICM software.

Example. 0-500K at 6% = $30K; 500K-1M at 10% = $50K; total on $1M = $80K. No retroactive change to lower bands.
Plan Mechanics

Accelerator

An elevated commission rate that kicks in once a rep crosses a milestone (typically 100% of quota) to reward overperformance.

Example. 2x accelerator above 100%: a 10% base rate becomes 20% on every dollar past quota until the next tier.
Plan Mechanics

Decelerator

A reduced commission rate that applies below a minimum attainment threshold to focus reps on full-quota performance.

Example. Below 50% of quota, the rate drops from 8% to 4%. Forces reps to clear a meaningful bar before earning full commission.
Plan Mechanics

Threshold (Floor)

The minimum attainment a rep must reach before any commission is paid for the period.

Example. Plan pays nothing below 50% attainment; once crossed, commissions accrue from dollar 1 (or only from the threshold up - design decision).
Plan Mechanics

Cliff

A binary attainment gate where falling short of the threshold pays $0 - a steep version of a threshold.

Example. A 60% cliff means a rep at 59% earns no variable; a rep at 60% suddenly earns full credit for all closed business.
Plan Mechanics

Kicker

A one-time bonus or rate boost layered on top of a normal plan to drive a specific behavior or close a strategic sale.

Example. An extra 2% kicker on multi-year contracts encourages reps to negotiate longer terms.
Plan Mechanics

SPIFF (Special Performance Incentive)

A short-term, narrowly scoped contest or bonus to drive a specific outcome (new product launch, end-of-quarter pipeline, etc.).

Example. $500 SPIFF for every demo booked of the new analytics module during Q3 - paid weekly.
Plan Mechanics

Cap (Plan Ceiling)

A maximum on commissionable earnings, attainment, or per-deal payout - controversial because it can demotivate top performers.

Example. A plan caps payouts at 200% attainment; a rep who hits 250% still earns at the 200% level. Many top sales orgs avoid hard caps.
Plan Mechanics

Multiplier

A factor (often based on attainment) applied to a base commission or bonus pool - common in plans built around a target incentive.

Example. A bonus pool of $20K with a 1.5x multiplier at 120% attainment pays $30K.
Plan Mechanics

Target Incentive (TI)

The dollar amount paid when a rep delivers exactly 100% on the metric - used in plans that pay in attainment bands rather than per-deal rates.

Example. A $50K TI with attainment-band payout: 0-80% = 0, 80-100% = linear up to $50K, 100%+ accelerates.
Plan Mechanics

Rate Card

A table of commission rates by product, deal type, or strategic priority - used to steer reps toward higher-margin sales.

Example. New logo: 12%; renewal: 4%; expansion: 8%; services: 2%. Reflects strategic priority and gross margin.
Plan Mechanics

Contest

A time-bound competition that pays specific reps based on rank rather than absolute attainment.

Example. Top 3 reps by new logo count this month win $5K / $3K / $1K. Risky if not designed to avoid demotivating the rest of the team.
Quotas & Targets

Quota

The performance target a rep must hit - usually expressed in revenue, units, or another core metric, over a period.

Example. An AE with a $1.2M annual quota and quarterly cadence carries $300K per quarter.
Quotas & Targets

Quota Attainment

A rep's performance vs. quota, expressed as a percentage. The single most-watched commission metric.

Example. $900K of $1M quota = 90% attainment. Most plans pay at or near OTE between 90% and 110%.
Quotas & Targets

Ramp (Ramped Quota)

A reduced or phased-in quota for new hires while they get up to speed.

Example. Month 1: 0%; Months 2-3: 25%; Months 4-6: 50%; Month 7+: 100%. Often paired with a guaranteed draw.
Quotas & Targets

Quota Relief

A formal reduction in a rep's quota due to a territory change, leave of absence, or major plan change mid-period.

Example. A rep on parental leave for 6 weeks receives prorated quota relief for the period.
Quotas & Targets

Territory

The set of accounts, geographies, or segments assigned to a rep - defines where commissions accrue.

Example. An enterprise AE owns Northeast accounts above $500M revenue; an SMB AE owns sub-$50M Midwest accounts.
Quotas & Targets

Quota-to-OTE Ratio

The number of OTEs a rep must produce to hit quota - a fast diagnostic for whether plans are viable.

Example. A $1M quota with $200K OTE = 5x ratio. SaaS norms run 4-6x; healthy plans target 5-8x.
Quotas & Targets

Target Setting

The process of allocating a top-down corporate revenue plan into rep-level quotas - typically done annually or semi-annually.

Example. A $50M ARR target ÷ 0.85 expected attainment ÷ 25 reps = $2.35M average rep quota before territory weighting.
Crediting & Splits

Crediting

The process of attributing revenue (or another KPI) to the right rep, role, and territory for commission purposes.

Example. A new logo deal credits the AE 100%, the SDR 50% (overlay), and the SE 25% - three separate crediting rules.
Crediting & Splits

Split Credit

When two or more reps share credit for a deal - usually summing to 100% but sometimes weighted.

Example. An ENT AE and an MM AE co-sell into a Fortune 500 logo and split 60/40. Both attainment and commission are split accordingly.
Crediting & Splits

Overlay (Double Credit)

A specialist or supporting role that earns commission alongside the primary AE without reducing the AE's credit.

Example. A solutions engineer earns 25% of every closed deal they support; the AE still earns 100%. Total credit pool > 100%.
Crediting & Splits

House Account

An account that pays no individual commission - usually a strategic, legacy, or regulator-mandated account.

Example. A Fortune 50 customer that signs annually via an executive relationship is sometimes carved out as a house account with zero commission credit.
Crediting & Splits

Named Account

A specific company explicitly assigned to a rep - used in account-based plans rather than territory plans.

Example. An enterprise AE owns Salesforce, Adobe, and 18 other named accounts globally regardless of location.
Crediting & Splits

Effective Dating

The rule that determines which version of the plan or territory applies to a specific transaction - based on close date, booking date, or another reference.

Example. A deal closed Dec 28 is credited under the prior year's plan (using close date), even if invoicing slips to January.
Payouts & Timing

Payout Period

The cadence on which earned commissions are released - usually monthly, but quarterly and semi-monthly are common.

Example. A monthly cadence pays February commissions on the 15th of March, after a 10-day close + review window.
Payouts & Timing

Hold and Release

Holding a portion of earned commission until a future event (cash collected, customer retained for X months, etc.).

Example. 80% paid the month after close, 20% released after the customer pays their first invoice - protecting against bad debt.
Payouts & Timing

Clawback

Recovering already-paid commissions when an underlying deal cancels, refunds, or churns inside a defined window.

Example. A 12-month clawback window: a customer that churns at month 4 returns 8/12 of the paid commission via deduction from the next paycheck.
Payouts & Timing

Draw (Recoverable / Non-Recoverable)

A guaranteed minimum advance against future commissions. Recoverable draws are repaid from later earnings; non-recoverable are not.

Example. A new AE gets a $4,000/mo non-recoverable draw for 6 months; they keep the floor regardless of bookings while ramping.
Payouts & Timing

Commission Advance

An early payout of expected commissions, typically reconciled against actuals at the end of the period.

Example. A rep pulls $3,000 advance against an in-progress month, reconciled when the period closes.
Payouts & Timing

True-Up

A reconciliation that adjusts prior-period commissions to reflect new information - late deals, retroactive credit, or attainment cliffs.

Example. A rep crosses the 100% annual milestone on the last day of December; a January true-up retroactively pays the cumulative accelerator.
Payouts & Timing

Adjustment

A manual or rule-based modification to a payout - credit, debit, or correction - recorded against the rep's statement.

Example. A $500 adjustment credit fixes a mis-credited deal; a -$1,200 adjustment debit recovers a refunded commission.
Payouts & Timing

Lag (Payout Lag)

The time between deal close and commission payment - often 30 days for monthly cadences.

Example. A deal closed March 14 pays on April 15 with a 30-day lag plus a 5-day review window.
Payouts & Timing

Commissionable Event

The defined trigger that earns commission - closed-won, contract signed, invoice issued, cash collected, etc.

Example. A SaaS plan defines commissionable event = booked-and-counter-signed; a services plan might require cash-collected.
Accounting & Compliance

ASC 606 / IFRS 15

Revenue-recognition standards that require companies to capitalize incremental commission costs and amortize them over the customer benefit period.

Example. A $10K commission on a 3-year SaaS deal is capitalized as an asset and amortized at $278/mo over 36 months - not expensed at sale.
Accounting & Compliance

Capitalized Commission

A commission recorded as a balance-sheet asset under ASC 606 because it is incremental to obtaining a customer contract.

Example. The $10K incremental commission on a new logo deal lives on the balance sheet and amortizes against gross margin each month.
Accounting & Compliance

Commission Amortization

The straight-line (or pattern-of-benefit) expense of a capitalized commission over the customer relationship.

Example. A $36K commission amortized over 4 years posts $9K/year (or $750/mo) to commission expense - independent of the cash payout.
Accounting & Compliance

SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley)

A U.S. law requiring public companies to maintain documented internal controls - including over commission calculation and payout.

Example. A SOX-controlled commission process needs four-eyes approval, segregation of duties, and an immutable audit trail for every payout change.
Accounting & Compliance

Audit Trail

An immutable record of every change to plans, credits, attainment, and payouts - required for SOX, ASC 606, and dispute resolution.

Example. An ICM audit trail logs who changed a quota, when, the prior value, the new value, and who approved it.
Accounting & Compliance

Earned Commission

A commission that the rep has irrevocable legal right to - usually defined by the plan as a specific milestone or condition.

Example. If the plan says commissions are earned on signed contract, the rep has a wage claim even if cash is collected later or the rep terminates.
Accounting & Compliance

Unearned (Contingent) Commission

A commission whose payment is conditional on future events (cash collection, retention, employment) - often used to limit clawback exposure.

Example. Plan defines commission as earned upon cash collection. A rep who terminates before customer pays has no claim.
Accounting & Compliance

Procuring Cause

A common-law doctrine that may entitle a rep to commission on deals they substantially originated, even after termination, unless the plan clearly says otherwise.

Example. A rep terminated a week before a deal they sourced for 9 months closes - courts in some states will apply procuring cause to award commission.
Accounting & Compliance

Post-Termination Commissions

Commissions owed (or not) after a rep separates from the company - governed by the plan, state law, and the procuring-cause doctrine.

Example. In California, commissions earned but unpaid at termination must be paid immediately or trigger waiting-time penalties.
Operations & Tooling

ICM Software

A platform that automates plan design, crediting, calculation, and rep-facing statements - replacing spreadsheets.

Example. Sales Cookie ingests CRM data, applies plan rules, manages workflows, and sends payable files to payroll/AP.
Operations & Tooling

Shadow Accounting

The unofficial spreadsheet a rep keeps to estimate or audit their own commission - a strong signal that trust in the official process is broken.

Example. An AE who maintains a parallel Excel that tracks every deal because the corporate statement arrives weeks late and disagrees with their math.
Operations & Tooling

Commission Statement

A periodic, rep-facing document showing earnings, deals credited, attainment, adjustments, and projected payout.

Example. A monthly statement lists all 12 deals, applied tier rates, adjustments, hold amount, and the line-item that hits payroll.
Operations & Tooling

Statement Acceptance

A formal rep sign-off on the monthly/quarterly statement - protects the company from disputes and surfaces issues early.

Example. A 5-day acceptance window with auto-accept on day 6; disputes flag the statement for SalesOps review.
Operations & Tooling

Dispute (Inquiry)

A formal request from a rep to investigate a statement line item - credit, attainment, rate, or missing deal.

Example. "This $80K deal is missing from my August statement" - assigned to SalesOps with SLA of 5 business days to resolve.
Operations & Tooling

Rules of Engagement (ROE)

The documented policy that resolves who-gets-credit edge cases - channel conflicts, cross-territory deals, dual ownership.

Example. ROE: when an SMB lead expands to enterprise within 90 days of close, the original SMB AE keeps a 25% override for 4 quarters.
Operations & Tooling

Plan Document

The formal, signed agreement that defines each rep's role, quota, rates, terms, clawbacks, and dispute process.

Example. A 6-page plan document signed each fiscal year, with state-specific addenda for California, New York, and Massachusetts reps.
Operations & Tooling

Commission SLA

Internal service-level agreement on how quickly statements ship, disputes resolve, and corrections post.

Example. Statement: by 5th business day; dispute response: 3 business days; correction effective in next statement cycle.
Operations & Tooling

Commission Data Pipeline

The data-engineering flow that pulls bookings, account, hierarchy, and adjustment data into the calculation engine.

Example. Salesforce → ETL → ICM staging → validations → calculation engine → statements → payroll file. Each leg is auditable.
Operations & Tooling

Source of Truth

The system that is authoritative for a given data domain - CRM for bookings, HRIS for employment status, ICM for paid amounts.

Example. Disputes over attainment must reference CRM (deal stage = closed-won, contract attached) rather than rep email or spreadsheets.
Roles & Org

Account Executive (AE)

The primary closing role - quota-carrying, owns the buying-cycle from qualified pipeline to closed-won.

Example. An AE typically carries a 5-8x quota-to-OTE ratio with a 50/50 mix and accelerators above 100%.
Roles & Org

SDR / BDR

Sales Development / Business Development Reps - pipeline generators paid mostly on meetings booked, qualified opportunities, or pipeline created.

Example. A 70/30 mix on $90K OTE with quotas like 12 meetings booked or $200K qualified pipeline per month.
Roles & Org

Customer Success Manager (CSM)

Post-sale role focused on retention and expansion - usually 80/20 mix with NRR or expansion targets.

Example. $130K OTE on 80/20: $26K variable tied 60% to retention (NRR) and 40% to expansion ARR.
Roles & Org

Sales Engineer (SE) / Solutions Consultant

Technical pre-sales overlay role; typically paid on a team or pooled basis with optional individual deal credit.

Example. $200K OTE 75/25: $50K variable tied to overall AE-team attainment plus a small individual deal-overlay component.
Roles & Org

Channel / Partner Manager

Manages partner-sourced revenue; commissions credited from partner-attached or partner-sourced deals.

Example. Earns 8% of partner-sourced ARR and 4% of partner-attached ARR; partner attribution defined in a strict ROE.
Roles & Org

Sales Manager (Player-Coach)

A manager whose plan is mostly tied to team attainment, sometimes with a small individual or override component.

Example. $240K OTE 60/40: variable is 80% team attainment, 20% retained / strategic bonuses.
Roles & Org

Revenue Operations (RevOps) / Sales Ops

The cross-functional team that owns systems, data, and processes for revenue - including commission operations.

Example. RevOps owns Salesforce, ICM, territory tools, and the monthly commission close. Often partners with Finance for SOX compliance.
Roles & Org

Sales Compensation Analyst

A specialized RevOps/Finance role responsible for plan calculation, statements, disputes, and analysis.

Example. A comp analyst runs the monthly cycle, validates calculations, owns the dispute queue, and reports on plan effectiveness.
Plan Mechanics

MBO (Management By Objectives)

A bonus structure tied to specific, measurable strategic objectives separate from revenue - onboarding milestones, retention, training, etc.

Example. A CSM earns a $3K MBO for completing 10 customer business reviews and a 95+ NPS - independent of revenue.
Crediting & Splits

Override Commission

A commission paid to a manager (or upline) on the production of their direct reports, on top of the rep's own commission.

Example. A regional manager earns a 1% override on the team's $20M production = $200K, regardless of the AEs' own commissions.
Crediting & Splits

Team Pool / Group Bonus

A pooled bonus distributed among team members based on aggregate attainment - common for SE teams or pods.

Example. A pre-sales pod earns $50K when the AE team hits 100%; split among SEs based on opportunity hours logged.
Plan Mechanics

Renewal Commission

A commission paid on customer-renewal revenue - often at a lower rate than new logos to reflect lower difficulty.

Example. New logo: 10%. Renewal: 4%. Expansion: 8%. Discourages cherry-picking renewals while still rewarding retention.
Plan Mechanics

Expansion Commission

Commission paid on net-new ARR added to an existing customer (upsell, cross-sell, seat expansion).

Example. A CSM earns 8% on every new product attached to existing accounts in their book of business.
Payouts & Timing

Recoverable Draw

A guaranteed payment that must be earned back through future commissions - effectively a loan against future earnings.

Example. A $5K/mo recoverable draw is repaid from any month where commissions exceed $5K. Reps stay in 'draw debt' until they outearn it.
Payouts & Timing

Non-Recoverable Draw

A guaranteed payment the rep keeps regardless of future commission performance - common during ramp.

Example. A new AE gets a $4K/mo guaranteed minimum for 6 months while ramping; commissions in excess are paid additively.
Accounting & Compliance

Commission Expense

The P&L line item recognizing commissions, typically through ASC 606 amortization rather than the cash payout.

Example. Cash paid in March: $400K. ASC 606 expense in March: $120K (amortization of capitalized commissions across cohorts).
Foundations

ACV / ARR

Annual Contract Value (size of an annual SaaS deal) and Annual Recurring Revenue (steady-state run-rate). Most SaaS plans pay on ACV of new contracts.

Example. A 3-year, $300K TCV deal has $100K ACV. Rep is paid 10% of ACV ($10K) up-front; renewal commission addresses years 2 and 3.
Foundations

TCV (Total Contract Value)

The total dollar value across the entire contract term - used in some plans to reward longer-term deals.

Example. A $300K, 3-year deal is $100K ACV but $300K TCV. A TCV-paying plan rewards the rep for negotiating multi-year terms.
Plan Mechanics

Gross-Margin-Based Commission

A commission calculated on gross profit instead of revenue - protects margins by penalizing discounts.

Example. A 25% commission on gross margin: a $100K deal at 60% margin pays $15K; the same deal at 40% margin pays $10K.
Crediting & Splits

Quota Credit

The amount that counts toward a rep's quota - sometimes different from commissionable revenue.

Example. A multi-year deal might generate $300K TCV but only $100K quota credit (ACV) for attainment purposes.
Crediting & Splits

Commissionable Revenue

The dollars on which commission is paid - may exclude services, taxes, refunds, or specific product lines.

Example. Software ARR is commissionable; pass-through hardware and taxes are excluded by plan policy.
Foundations

Net New ARR

ARR added in a period minus churned and downgraded ARR - often the metric for AE quotas.

Example. $3M new + $0.5M expansion - $0.4M churn = $3.1M Net New ARR for the quarter.
Accounting & Compliance

Commission Leakage

Commission overpayments due to errors, mis-credits, missed clawbacks, or undocumented exceptions - typically 3-5% of variable spend.

Example. Gartner estimates 3-5% of variable comp leaks via overpayments - for $20M variable, that is $600K-$1M annually.
Foundations

Compensation Philosophy

The strategic principles guiding plan design: pay for performance, simplicity, fairness, retention, and behavior alignment.

Example. "We pay top-quartile OTE for top-quartile performance, with simple plans, no caps, and strong accelerators."
Operations & Tooling

Plan Modeling

The financial modeling that simulates rep payouts under proposed plans against historical and projected attainment.

Example. Model the new plan against last year's deals; compare top-decile, median, and bottom-decile rep outcomes before locking the plan.
Accounting & Compliance

Cost of Sale (CoS)

Total fully-loaded selling cost as a percent of revenue - commission is one input. Healthy SaaS CoS for sales is ~25-35%.

Example. $10M ARR with $3M direct sales cost (salary + commission + benefits) = 30% CoS - within healthy SaaS range.
Quotas & Targets

Sales Capacity Planning

The exercise of sizing the sales team to meet a revenue plan - quotas, productive ramps, expected attainment, and headcount.

Example. $80M target ÷ 0.85 expected attainment ÷ $1.5M quota = 63 ramped reps required - plus ramping headcount.
Plan Mechanics

Windfall (Strategic Cap)

A management override that limits commission on outsized deals to avoid runaway payouts on once-in-a-career events - controversial.

Example. A $20M deal in a $1M-quota territory triggers a windfall cap at 200% of OTE for that single deal - disclosed in the plan.
Plan Mechanics

Ad-Hoc Bonus

A discretionary, one-time bonus outside the comp plan - used for unforeseen wins, hero efforts, or strategic recognition.

Example. A $10K spot bonus to a CSM who saved a marquee account on a 2-week churn risk - board approved, outside the formal plan.
Plan Mechanics

Multi-Year Deal

A contract spanning more than one year - plan must define quota credit (year 1 ACV vs. TCV) and renewal commission treatment.

Example. A 5-year, $1M ACV deal: quota credit = $1M (ACV), commissionable = $1M ACV plus a small TCV kicker (e.g. 0.5% on remaining TCV).
Payouts & Timing

Commission Recovery / Recapture

The mechanism (separate from clawback) for reversing commission credits when underlying data is corrected.

Example. A misbooked $50K deal is corrected post-payout; recapture creates a -$5K adjustment on the next statement with audit trail.
Plan Mechanics

Behavioral Incentive

Variable compensation tied to leading indicators - meetings, demos, MEDDIC fields complete - used to drive activity.

Example. $50 per qualified discovery call documented in CRM with all MEDDIC fields filled. Drives pipeline behavior.
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